{"product_id":"stripsi-trake-za-izbeljivanje-zuba","title":"Stripsi – trake za izbeljivanje zuba","description":"","brand":"Stripsi","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48024111841538,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"RSD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/1342\/0802\/files\/ChatGPTImageJun8_2026_07_28_11PM.png?v=1781880133","url":"https:\/\/stripsi.shop\/products\/stripsi-trake-za-izbeljivanje-zuba","provider":"Stripsi","version":"1.0","type":"link"}